(Oh, my!)
We’d better take cover
[Verse 1]
Moisture infiltration (saturation)
Enhanced convection (connection)
Menacing looking (shocking!)
Looking menacing (shocking!)
[Chorus]
Mother shouts out-loud
Thundercloud (the crowed cowed)
The crowd cowed (Thundercloud)
[Bridge]
Thundercloud!
(Hail hail)
Blunder in thunder
(Hail Hail)
Frightening in lightning
(Fail, fail)
[Verse 2]
Higher temperature (for sure)
Increased moisture (more, more)
After where that heat’s been
We’re in for a wind whoppin’
[Chorus]
Mother shouts out-loud
Thundercloud (the crowed cowed)
The crowd cowed (Thundercloud)
[Bridge]
Thundercloud!
(Hail hail)
Blunder in thunder
(Hail Hail)
Frightening in lightning
(Fail, fail)
[Instrumental, Guitar Solo, Saxophone, Bass]
[Bridge 2]
Ominous cumulonimbus
Can hear it coming
A mile away
Thundercloud
Can see you looming
Reign on my day
… on our parade
Send aid
[Chorus]
Mother shouts out-loud
Thundercloud (the crowed cowed)
The crowd cowed (Thundercloud)
[Bridge]
Thundercloud!
(Hail hail)
Blunder in thunder
(Hail Hail)
Frightening in lightning
(Fail, fail)
[Outro]
Thundercloud!
(Hail hail)
Thundercloud!
(Hail hail)
A SCIENCE NOTE
“Cumulonimbus clouds are menacing looking multi-level clouds, extending high into the sky in towers or plumes. More commonly known as thunderclouds, cumulonimbus is the only cloud type that can produce hail, thunder and lightning.” (Meteorological Office Government of the UK)
Climate change is having several significant impacts on cumulonimbus clouds, which are the towering, anvil-shaped clouds associated with thunderstorms and severe weather. These impacts stem from changes in atmospheric dynamics, moisture content, and temperature patterns. Here are the key ways in which climate change is affecting cumulonimbus clouds:
1. Increased Intensity and Frequency of Thunderstorms:
- Warmer Atmosphere: A warmer atmosphere can hold more moisture, leading to more intense thunderstorms. As temperatures rise, the amount of water vapor in the air increases, providing more fuel for the formation of cumulonimbus clouds.
- Enhanced Convection: Higher temperatures can lead to stronger convection currents, as warm air rises more vigorously. This results in more powerful updrafts within cumulonimbus clouds, which can enhance their vertical development and increase the likelihood of severe weather events such as heavy rainfall, hail, and tornadoes.
2. Changes in Cloud Dynamics and Structure:
- Higher Cloud Tops: With more energy available in the atmosphere, cumulonimbus clouds can grow taller. Higher cloud tops mean more intense thunderstorms, as the potential for severe weather phenomena such as lightning, hail, and heavy rain increases with the height of the cloud.
- Larger Anvils: The anvil tops of cumulonimbus clouds, which form when the rising air reaches the stable layer of the stratosphere and spreads out, may become larger and more pronounced. This is a result of increased vertical development and stronger upper-level winds that can spread the cloud tops over a larger area.
3. Increased Moisture Content:
- Enhanced Precipitation: As the atmosphere warms, it can hold more moisture. This leads to an increase in the amount of precipitation produced by cumulonimbus clouds. More intense rainfall events are becoming more common, contributing to flooding and other related impacts.
- Heavier Downpours: The increased moisture content in the atmosphere means that when cumulonimbus clouds do form, they have the potential to release more water in shorter periods. This can lead to heavier downpours and flash flooding.
4. Impact on Severe Weather Patterns:
- More Frequent and Severe Thunderstorms: The increase in available moisture and atmospheric instability due to climate change can lead to more frequent and severe thunderstorms. This is particularly evident in regions that are already prone to such weather patterns.
- Hail and Tornadoes: The conditions that favor the formation of hail and tornadoes—strong updrafts, significant moisture, and atmospheric instability—are likely to become more common as the climate warms. This means that cumulonimbus clouds may produce more severe hailstorms and tornadoes.
5. Regional Variations:
- Changes in Storm Tracks: Climate change can alter the typical paths that weather systems follow, affecting where cumulonimbus clouds and associated severe weather events are most likely to occur. Some regions may see an increase in thunderstorm activity, while others might experience a decrease.
- Seasonal Shifts: The timing of severe weather seasons may shift, with some areas experiencing earlier or later onset of conditions conducive to cumulonimbus cloud formation and severe thunderstorms.
Scientific Observations and Projections:
- Empirical Evidence: Observations have shown trends toward more intense and frequent heavy rainfall events, which are often associated with cumulonimbus clouds. Studies also indicate changes in the frequency and intensity of severe weather events linked to climate change.
- Climate Models: Models project that as global temperatures continue to rise, the impacts on cumulonimbus clouds will become more pronounced. These models suggest an increase in the intensity and frequency of severe weather events driven by enhanced atmospheric moisture and instability.
Climate change is influencing cumulonimbus clouds by increasing their intensity, altering their dynamics and structure, and enhancing the moisture content in the atmosphere. These changes contribute to more frequent and severe thunderstorms, heavier rainfall, and a greater likelihood of severe weather phenomena such as hail and tornadoes.