- Logically-0.mp3
- Logically-0.mp4
- Logically-I.mp3
- Logically-I.mp4
- Logically-Unplugged-Underground-X.mp3
- Logically-Unplugged-Underground-X.mp4
- Logically-Unplugged.mp3
- Logically-Unplugged.mp4
- Logically-acoustic.mp3
- Logically-electric.mp3
[Intro]
Logically
What comes next
Ironically
Why perplexed?
[Verse 1]
Mathematics
(Philosophy)
Schematics
(And the economy)
[Bridge]
Logically
What comes next
Ironically
Why perplexed?
[Chorus]
Guided reasoning
(Argumentation)
Mental seasoning
(Thought augmentation)
[Verse 2]
Computer science
(Real reliance)
Critical thinking
(Our ship is sinking)
[Bridge]
Logically
What comes next
Ironically
Why perplexed?
[Chorus]
Guided reasoning
(Argumentation)
Mental seasoning
(Thought augmentation)
[Bridge]
Logically
What comes next
Ironically
Why perplexed?
[Chorus]
Guided reasoning
(Argumentation)
Mental seasoning
(Thought augmentation)
[Outro]
Logically speaking
(Logic seeking)
A SCIENCE NOTE
The basic rules of logic are principles that guide reasoning and argumentation, ensuring clarity, consistency, and validity. These rules are fundamental to disciplines like mathematics, philosophy, computer science, and critical thinking. Here’s an overview of the core rules:
1. The Law of Identity
- Principle: A is A.
- Explanation: Anything is identical to itself. A statement must mean what it means, and an object must be itself.
- Example: “A cat is a cat” is true because the subject and predicate are identical.
2. The Law of Non-Contradiction
- Principle: A statement cannot be both true and false at the same time in the same context.
- Explanation: Contradictory statements cannot both be true.
- Example: “The door is open” and “The door is not open” cannot both be true simultaneously.
3. The Law of Excluded Middle
- Principle: A statement is either true or false.
- Explanation: There is no middle ground between truth and falsehood for a given proposition.
- Example: The statement “It is raining” must be either true or false; there is no “maybe” in strict logical terms.
4. The Principle of Sufficient Reason
- Principle: Everything must have a reason, cause, or explanation.
- Explanation: Arguments should be supported by sufficient evidence or rationale.
- Example: If you claim “The tree fell,” you should provide a reason, such as “because of strong winds.”
5. Modus Ponens (Affirming the Antecedent)
- Principle: If A → B (If A, then B) and A is true, then B is true.
- Example:
- If it rains, the ground will be wet.
- It is raining.
- Therefore, the ground is wet.
6. Modus Tollens (Denying the Consequent)
- Principle: If A → B (If A, then B) and B is false, then A is false.
- Example:
- If it rains, the ground will be wet.
- The ground is not wet.
- Therefore, it is not raining.
7. The Law of Consistency
- Principle: An argument must not contradict itself.
- Explanation: To be valid, reasoning must align with established premises.
- Example: You cannot argue “All dogs are mammals” and simultaneously claim “Some dogs are not mammals.”
8. The Rule of Inference
- Principle: Logical conclusions must follow from premises.
- Explanation: A valid argument must lead to a conclusion that logically follows from its assumptions.
- Example:
- Premise: All humans are mortal.
- Premise: Socrates is a human.
- Conclusion: Socrates is mortal.
9. The Principle of Non-Circularity
- Principle: An argument must not assume what it is trying to prove.
- Explanation: Circular reasoning invalidates the logical process.
- Example: “God exists because the Bible says so, and the Bible is true because God exists” is circular.
10. The Rule of Validity
- Principle: An argument is valid if its conclusion logically follows from its premises.
- Explanation: The premises don’t need to be true, but the structure of reasoning must be correct.
- Example:
- Premise: All cats can fly.
- Premise: Felix is a cat.
- Conclusion: Felix can fly.
- (This argument is valid but not sound because the premises are false.)
These rules form the foundation of logical reasoning and critical thinking, ensuring arguments are clear, consistent, and free from fallacies.